Past Perfect
زمن الماضى التام
FORM : had + past participle]
تكوينه: يتكون من had + past participle
لاحظ الجدول التالى جيدا :
استخدامات الزمن :
- يستخدم زمن الماضى التام للتعبير عن فعل حدث و انتهى قبل فعل (حدث) آخر فى الزمن الماضى
ماضى بسيط(الثانى) , ماضى تام( الأول)After, As soon as
أو:
ماضى تام( الأول)، ماضى بسيط(الثانى) ( Before, By the time , When )
· Ali had eaten breakfast ( before, by the time , when ) he went to school .
· Before, By the time , When ) Ali went to school, he had eaten breakfast.
· They came to the station ( after, as soon as , as ) the train had left.
· After, As soon as , As ) the train had left , they came to the station.
(didn't + Inf.) ماضى تام till /until ماضى بسيط منفى
· He didn't sleep until he had finished his homework.
· We didn't go to the exam until we had studied.
النفى :
ينفى الماضى التام بوضع not بعد الفعل المساعد had كما هو موضح .
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
الاستفهام:
يكون عن طريق وضع الفعل المساعد had فى أول الجملة قبل الفاعل
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
.
The Past Perfect Tense in the Passive .
زمن الماضى التام فى المبنى للمجهول .
عند تحويل زمن الماضى التام للمبنى للمجهول نتبع القاعدة التالية :
Object المفعول +had + been + P.P
· Active : He had repaired many cars.
· Passive: Many cars had been repaired by him.